black phosphorus crystal

Product Name

black phosphorus crystal

Product Overview

Black phosphorus (BP) is a natural P-type layered semiconductor material. It has strong covalent bonds within the layers and a honeycomb-like wrinkled structure. The atoms between the layers are bonded by van der Waals forces, making it easy to prepare single-layer and few-layer phosphorene through mechanical or liquid-phase exfoliation methods. Black phosphorus has the characteristic of a direct band gap, filling the gap in two-dimensional materials and becoming a highly regarded new type of two-dimensional material. Its excellent light absorption efficiency, combined with its high carrier mobility, makes black phosphorus have significant potential application value in communication and energy fields.

Technical Parameter

Purity: 99.999+%; Weight: 5g;

Packaging: Glove box nitrogen-filled packaging; Usage: Can be peeled into large single crystal sheets and high-quality powder.

Product Features

Tunable bandgap with layer number: Bulk black phosphorus has a direct bandgap of 0.3 eV. As the number of layers decreases, the bandgap gradually increases, reaching up to 1.7 eV for monolayer black phosphorus. Moreover, the temperature dependence of the bandgap for few-layer black phosphorus and bulk black phosphorus is different. High carrier mobility: Two-dimensional black phosphorus field-effect transistors exhibit extremely high carrier mobility that can be tuned with thickness. Field-effect transistors fabricated by encapsulating black phosphorus with h-BN have hole mobilities as high as 5200 and 45000 cm²/Vs at room temperature and 2 K, respectively. Optical properties: Two-dimensional black phosphorus crystals are highly sensitive to incident light, with a spectral response range covering the entire visible to near-infrared region. If used to construct photodetectors, they offer a wide detection spectrum and a fast photoresponse speed, demonstrating excellent photoelectric performance. Mechanical properties: Monolayer black phosphorus crystals have a negative Poisson's ratio. The Young's modulus along the zigzag and armchair directions can reach up to 58.6 ± 11.7 GPa and 27.2 ± 4.1 GPa, respectively, and the tensile strain can reach up to 27% and 30%, respectively, showing excellent flexibility. Strong in-plane anisotropy: Due to the asymmetry of the black phosphorus crystal structure, it exhibits unique in-plane anisotropy in optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. For example, the ratios of Young's modulus, fracture strain, and electrical conductivity of black phosphorus crystals along the armchair and zigzag directions are 2.2, 1.94, and 1.93, respectively.

Application Fields

Battery: Black phosphorus, with its high theoretical specific capacity and excellent electronic conductivity, is considered an outstanding anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Its energy density is seven times that of graphite, demonstrating great potential in the development of high-capacity, high-rate lithium-ion batteries. Field-effect transistor: Black phosphorene exhibits high electron mobility, with monolayer black phosphorene reaching up to 100,000 cm²/(Vs). It also demonstrates an exceptionally high leakage modulation rate (approximately 1,000 times that of graphene). Its electronic structure reveals a direct bandgap of around 1.5 eV, which can be further tuned by adjusting the number of layers. Photocatalyst: The exfoliated two-dimensional black phosphorus (BP-BM) can achieve a visible light hydrogen production rate of 512 μmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹ without any cocatalysts, approximately 18 times higher than bulk black phosphorus. Spectroscopy: The interaction between black phosphorus and light varies depending on the number of atomic layers. Monolayer crystals emit red light, while thicker crystals emit infrared radiation, enabling the detection of the entire spectrum from visible to near-infrared wavelengths. Supercapacitors: Solid-state supercapacitors based on two-dimensional layered black phosphorus exhibit outstanding performance: a capacitance of 13.75 F/cm³ at a low scan rate of 0.01 V/s, and maintain a high capacitance of 1.43 F/cm³ even at a high scan rate of 10 V/s. The exceptional energy storage performance, long lifespan, and resistance to mechanical bending of flexible solid-state supercapacitors based on two-dimensional black phosphorus demonstrate its immense potential in the energy storage field.